The Heroes Of The Media - 953 Words

Although we hardly see heroes in the media because of all the violence in the world, we should be able to recognize heroes serving for our country, but also our everyday heroes in our community. Gibbon, a who has studied the disappearance of public heroes in America, disagreeing with Gibbon and the statement, â€Å"America no longer has heroes.† Journalists and the media do not capture the heroism being shown due to the many columns devoted to other unimportant issues, journalists can contribute to people’s judgement and could affect the feelings of the admirable, and the media creates the impression that no one is noble and there are no heroes. As journalists and news reporters there job is to write what is going on in the community, in the country and globally. But recently journalists have been focusing on celebrities’, politics and negativity in the world. Inspiring words Walter Winchell urges to reporters, â€Å"Talk of virtue and your readers will become bored. Hint of gossip and you will secure perfect attention† (251). Winchell is suggesting if magazines and columnists write about people with dignity, honor and nobility; readers will become uninterested in their sources. Readers will find another source to obtain their information from, hinting reporters to write to catch the reader s eyes and to keep them engaged. Readers want to find out more about the celebrities or about the background of that person. Keeping a close eye to see what they are going to see in the nextShow MoreRelatedHeroes in Today’s Media, Have They Changed?2356 Words   |  10 PagesHeroes in Today’s Media, Have They Changed? Latonne Williamson English 122: English Composition II Instructor Terrence Westhoff April 1, 2013 Heroes in Today’s Media, Have They Changed? There are many heroes, but there are those who sit back and question what or who makes a hero in today’s society. It has never been a set standard for heroes. In this modern world, there are many types of heroes. In today’s media, there is a contrast between million dollar sports figures, glorified celebritiesRead MoreAnti-Heros1411 Words   |  6 Pages COMM 246 04/11/2012 Modern Anti-Heroes In modern media violence is worshiped and the hero is not always a law abiding citizen. The anti-hero is becoming increasingly popular. Many anti-heroes are criminals. Writers have the ability to have their audience fall in love and care about an anti-hero. Looking up to these anti-heroes might have some devastating affects on society. Violent media, particularly movies, could very well have an affect on the number of violent crimes being committedRead MoreComic Books And Their Influence On Society1626 Words   |  7 Pageswhat religion they affiliate with. Superheroes are no different, although comics and their adaptations have a history of contradicting this reality. Comic books and their related renditions have often overlooked minority characters, like influential media has a tendency to, without regard to their audience (Aucoin, 2014). Superheroes have become an integral part of popular (pop) culture: the cultural preference of the mainstream populace, which holds considerable command on cultural and moral valuesRead MoreWhy We Love Tv Anti Heroes1374 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Holland April 13, 2014 Why We Love TV’s Anti-Heroes Is it possible today’s generation gradually evolved into an era in which selfishness and evil overpowers good? Over the past years society perceives the idea of a hero differently than it was perceived in the 21st century, nevertheless impacts our society hugely. It is no surprise why youth of today enjoy T.V. shows that are driven by torture, killing, drugs and drama. In fact these are among the T.V. shows with higher ratings. HeroRead MorePortrayal Of The Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  6 Pages Overtime the media, whether it be by film, television, news etc., has provided its audience with different depictions of the criminal justice system. Some themes continue to reappear while others vanish due to unpopularity. Typically, all media outlets seek to produce the most trendy and entertaining perspective of what it intends on representing. As a result, the portrayal of the criminal justice system for instance, is often times unrealistic. However, some sources of media hold authenticityRead MoreLiterary Works Based On War And Heroism1003 Words   |  5 PagesAchilles and Beowulf were both thirsty for glory and I think that trait is still present in today’s time which cannot always be positive. Also, in todays time it is not the term hero that has changed. It is we who have changed. For most people, the media, pop culture, and events in society change our perception of a hero. In Beowulf, Beowulf’s thirst for glory is expressed throughout the entire story. â€Å"Inspired again by the thought of glory, the war-king threw his whole strength behind a sword-strokeRead MoreThe Importance of Sports to Mass Communication Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Sports to Mass Communication Understanding of mass communication without attention to sport coverage is practically impossible. Through the mass media, millions and even billions of viewers, listeners and readers are brought into the experience of a great sports performance. The emotional power of sports performance enchanted by slow-motion video and musical sound track, can take you to breath away or bring tears to you eyes. There are a lot of massive spectacles like the SuperRead MoreA Comparison Of Thor And Beowulf728 Words   |  3 Pagesbattles of good versus malevolent forces. Beowulf continues to appeal to sophisticated audiences because it tells the story of a great hero prevailing over evil, a timeless theme valued by society and portrayed by his counterparts in modern media, although these new heroes display more complex qualities. Beowulf can be compared to Marvel universe’s Thor. Marvel has revived and modernized the Norse god, Thor, for 21st century audiences. Thor and Beowulf both demonstrate incredible physical strength in battleRead MoreThe Epic Of Epic Heroes984 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter’s heroic potentials. Epic heroes are somewhat similar to superheroes, yet they are also different. Like epic heroes, superheroes endeavor challenging events to protect civilians and defeat villains. While the two types of heroes are broadly alike, epic heroes are generally an evident source in society, while superheroes are typically called upon in time of need. This may be the reason as to why they are known as superheroes and not epic heroes. Heroes such as Beowulf and Sir Gawain are theRead MoreEssay on Hero Worship809 Words   |  4 Pagesbut are rarely recognized either by their peers or by the media. Heroism can be traced back in time as early as mythology has been present. People of that era felt a need to worship super-beings who could solve their problems. Current examples reflecting that age are evident on television today. Both Hercules and Xena: The Warrior Princess are ever present to save the peasants from the evil and cunning warlords. Mythological heroes had their deeds exaggerated as the stories were passed by

The American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay

When we try to chase our dreams, we end up in our own diminutive lonely world. Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, has taught readers that the American dream can only ever be accomplished through hard work and determination. More times than others, we are distracted by the dream itself, and don’t chase the reality, which can then lead to high expectations, and without hard determination, that can then failure. In the end, we have been lonely for so long, chasing a dream, that when reality hits us, we become isolated and lonely. For George and Lennie, they have each other, until the American dream seemed too hard to chase. The friendship between the two men might be useful for both of them, yet it is more useful for Lennie, than it is for†¦show more content†¦In this case, George learned this the hard way. Once Lennie did the last bad thing he could do, George knew that he had to decide whether he wanted to struggle or survive, the American dream was no longer an option for them, at least not together. Was George finds Lennie, Lennie says, â€Å"you ain’t gonna leave me, are ya, George? I know you aint.†(Page.103 line 2-3) This quote proves how even Lennie knows that George has been held back by him. That day, after Lennie killed their boss’s wife, he knows that he can’t continue on with him. Failure never really struck the two men, their American dream of owning their own land and not having to work for someone else, was only ever that, a dream. Even though it was later than sooner that George decided what was best for him, he stopped dreaming, and learned to start living. After he let go of Lennie, sadness had followed. Like everyone else, George knows that he has to just move on and let it go. George says,† I just done it.† (Page. 107. Line 15) In conclusion, The American Dream left George lonely like he has never been with Lennie. Together, the two could have had anything, determination got in the way of that. Like mice, human kind has a tendency to chase after what is right in front of them, because it’s simply easier. Once the dream dust has settled, and we can see the truth, I think readers now know whether they want to continue working hard towards their dream, or start living inShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck712 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men The American dream is the traditional social ideals of the US, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity. In the Novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck the American Dream plays a huge role in almost every character’s lives, and the different version of the American dream for each individual has affected both their lives and the outcome of this novella. The American dream plays a role that makes each character more hard working and perseveredRead MoreMotivation for the American Dream in Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck783 Words   |  4 Pagesnot trying it achieve something. Motivation can be applied to the American Dream. In the book Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, the levels of motivation are clearly evident, this affects the process of how the characters achieve their dreams. Of Mice and Men is a story of two migrant workers, how they deal with their American Dream, and the troubles of working on a ranch during The Great Depression. The Characters of Of Mice and Men are going through these levels of motivation and achievement. ThroughRead MoreEssay on The American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1615 Words   |  7 Pages The novel, Of Mice and Men written by John Steinbeck refers back to The American Dream as heaven. Steinbeck is trying to point out that the American Dream is unrealistic. This novel looks back at the dreams of American individuals in the 1930s. It is set in California at the time of the Great Depression during which the American stock market collapsed leaving the nation in a state of economical disarray. The disease, hunger and poverty in England were highRead MoreThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck710 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream is something that many individuals have desired for countless years. Although it has evolved during the past couple of years, many individuals still strive to achieve it. Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men illustrates this American Dream of the 1930’s, which is looked upon as impossible through the failure of George and Lennie’s achievement. â€Å"The story Of Mice and Men and the American Dream is known to be somewhat different; it can define the independence and self-sufficiency forRead MoreThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pages Of Mice And Men explores the ways in which both immigrants and Americans tried to conquer and obtain their goal in life, which in this case was to try and attain their own the American Dream. I will also explores ways in how the American Dream is central to the novel and how Steinbeck reflects the society at the time. In the early 1900s the object that determined the wealth of a family, the object that was mentioned in every conversation all over the world andRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men1644 Words   |  7 PagesJarvis Johnson Research Paper John Steinbeck is an American author of 27 books, widely known for award winning novels, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men; Steinbeck is also a Nobel Prize winning of Literature. Steinbeck’s writing expresses realistic and creative thoughts, combining as they do compassionate comedy (through Lennie) and intense social perception with their surrounding national culture. John Steinbeck, â€Å"Of mice and Men†, Printed in 1937, articulating a tale of characters, GeorgeRead MoreJohn Steinbeck: An American Writer During the Great Depression1315 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical time. Because of the difficult situations, American writers turned their focus to social problems and issues. They were motivated to arouse sympathy for the suffering of common people, especially those at the very bottom of the society. (Wang, 2012) John Steinbeck (1902-1968), born in Salinas, California, is one of the most significant and representative American writers in that era. He is the winner of the Noble Prize for Literature in 1962. John Steinbeck’s living experience in California hadRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1406 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay John Steinbeck, writer of the novel, Of Mice and Men, uses many different rhetorical devices and appeals to unravel the essence and truth of the American Dream, while revolving around the world of these characters, George and Lennie. Written during the great depression, the novel itself shares the lives of many different people during that time period. It explored how everyone was treated through that time due to skin color, disabilities, and gender. Life during thisRead MoreCultures in ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Steinbeck (1902 – 1968) was born in Salinas, California, which was also were the book ‘Of Mice and Men’ was set. At the time John Steinbeck introduced the book ‘Of Mice and Men’, money was a really big issue. This time was known as the ‘Great Slump’, also known as, the Great Depression. John Steinbeck had experience of life, as a farm labourer and could be why he chooses to tell the story about George Milton and Lennie Smalls, two ranchmen in Americas South West The story opens with RanchmenRead MoreThe American Dream758 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream is the idea of the United States having an endless opportunity for anyone, regardless of their past, race, beliefs, and their economic life now. In the novel Of Mice and Men written by John Steinbeck, each character was driven to something that they enjoyed or wanted; something they had to work hard for and strive to have it. In the book, many of these objectives were connected to achieve The American Dream. Lennie and Georges American Dream is to pursue their ideal life by owning

Reflexion on Class Observation Free Essays

The class I observed was a third grade and the topic was body parts. This was my first time observing this class. What immediately noticed and called my attention was the excellent classroom management that the teacher has. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflexion on Class Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In spite of students are not in silence the whole lesson, of course; they are children, she is able to catch their attention when explaining, giving instructions and so on. At the beginning of the lesson, she caught students’ attention through a song that is related to the topic of the class. Also, she asks students to dance, which I think is excellent, because students were coming from the break with lot of energy and when they sang the song and move their bodies, they used that energy but at the same time they were focusing their attention on what the lesson was going to be about. Then, the teacher introduced keywords through flashcards. When she did it she asked students about what they saw in them and what I liked about it, is that she considers not just answers in English, but also in Spanish, but when they did it in Spanish she immediately said the word in English and asked student to repeat after her. When she was presenting the keywords she was putting them on the board and writing the names of every part of the body next to each flashcard and they were the whole lesson there, on the board, so when students had doubts they could resort to it. What I like about it was that it gave to students like a kind of confidence, because if they are shy and feel afraid of asking questions, they have the resources to answer the questions they could have by their own. Moreover, it can also provide independence to students when they are working on the tasks they have to do and in that way they can develop autonomy and do not depend all the time on the teacher. An aspect that I could notice and I consider extremely important in a Language class, is students’ participation. The teacher is always encouraging students to do so. During the lesson she asked students to play a game. The class was divided in groups, each row was a group. The game consisted of changing the order of the flashcards and students have to rearrange them putting the flashcards in the correct place (where the word of the part of the body was) the teacher asks students to say a number and at random (according to the number) a child had to go to the board to match one of the flashcards. If it was good, they row gained a point. This activity worked out very well, students were very motivated to participate and they could internalize the keywords. In the post activity, the teacher includes numbers, a topic that students had learnt previously. I consider it as something interesting because students put into practice not just the contents that they have learnt during that lesson, but also their previous knowledge. What they had to do was draw a monster. It monster was very meaningful for students because the teacher and them decided how it was going to be. The teacher asked students to say numbers, she wrote them next to each flashcard and according to that they had draw their monster. For example if next to the flashcard of the head was a four, the monster had to have four heads. Students work very well on this activity but the teacher did not check it in the class and did not close the lesson either. The lesson ended and the students did not have time to think what they had learnt. In general I consider that the class was very good, but there are certain aspects that I would improve. On one hand, the teacher do not speak the whole class in English, I know it is complicated to speak the whole class in English, when the students does not manage the language, and that sometimes when we are in front of the class and students are not understanding we tend to speak in Spanish, for them to understand and also because of classroom management; if students are not understanding they lose their attention and start doing another things such as speaking, drawing, etc. ut I believe it is important to try and believe in students; the can understands. Maybe, what English teachers could do is acting and be very explicit with their body language in order to make students understand or try to guess what is being explained. On the other hand, I could realize that the teacher did not pay attention to the children with special needs in the classroom. She just ignores their necessities and acts as if all the children were able to understand at the same time and in the same way. There is no special attention on them, I know it is very difficult to focus your attention on one or two children with disabilities if you have forty more in the classroom, but I believe it is possible to integrate them, maybe adapting the materials or when you are monitoring students work you can go to the position of that student more frequent that the other ones, because with the ones that does not have special needs, you can check easily on the board, in groups, orally in front of the class, etc. How to cite Reflexion on Class Observation, Papers

Free The Odor of Chrysanthemums Chrysanthem Essay Example For Students

Free: The Odor of Chrysanthemums Chrysanthem Essay ums EssaysThe Odor of Chrysanthemums The locomotive engine may be symbolic of Walter. It is an overwhelming thing, strong and powerful, the way that Walter is a huge part of her life. However, it is also impersonable and cold, just as her relationship to her husband is. Her moments with her husband, like the winding engine are hurried with brief pauses (2113). Lawrence describes their intimacy as an exchanging of nakedness, but without any real connection for long periods of time. The color red seems to symbolize death. The beginning of the story presents the pit bank with flames like red sores like its ashy sides (2111). However, death is not presented as a dreadful thing in this story. In the end, death is freedom for Elizabeth. Even John says, I do think its beautiful to look in the fire . . . . Its so red, and full of little caves and it feels so nice (2114). In a way, he is commenting on the mystery and beauty of passing on to the afterlife. When Elizabeth goes to look for her husband, there, again, is The red smear of the burning pit bank on the night (2117). Finally, she lays her dead husband on the old red tablecloth (2121). D. H. Lawrences parents did not have a good marriage. They probably did not know each other well before their marriage, as they were ill-suited for each other. The Bates do not really know one another; they are married but strangers. Lawrences father was an abusive alcoholic. Walter Bates frequents the public house. Characters: Elizabeth Bates: stifled, long-suffering, distant but caring with her family. John Bates: curious, headstrong. Walter Bates: Insensitive, absent. Was this what it all meantutter, intact separateness, obscured by the heat of living? Elizabeth is questioning the reason for living. Particularly, she is wondering at her own existence. Her life seems to have no meaning and she does not connect with any one, especially her husband. I have been fighting a husband who did not exist . . .and her soul died in her for fear. Walter did exist, but not as a true husband to her, nor she a true wife to him. She dies a little death at this thought for there is no real relationship in her life, not even a marital one. The title is significant in that chrysanthemums grow outside of the Bates home, were at the wedding of the Bates, and at her childs birth, yet Elizabeth hates the smell of them. She says, No . . . not to me, when her son asks, Dont they smell beautiful? (2115). Finally, the chrysanthemums give off a cold, deathly smell when Walter dies (2121).

Darkness Be My Friend Essays (1446 words) - Tomorrow Series

Darkness Be My Friend Title: Darkness Be My Friend Author: John Marsden Publisher: Pan Macmillan Publishers Publishing Date: 1996 Setting: This book is set in fairly modern times about 1990. I know this because the teenagers speak the same way my friends and I do and dress just like people do now. I also know this because of the way they describe the country town they live in. It sounds just like the average country town in our time. I think it is set is in a country town in Australia away from the cities. I think this because of the way the place Hell is described and the way the teenagers talk like Aussies. It also says that it is Australia. When they are in New Zealand Iain asks if they will go back to Australia to help them. I think it is very important where it is set because if it were set in America or another place it would be a lot harder to be invaded. For one reason America and other places have massive armies compared to Australia and could defend their country. Another reason is that there is a much bigger population in America and other places and they would need hundreds more soldiers to patrol areas. Another reason I think it is very important where it is set is that if it was set in another country the place Hell would be described differently because Australia is the only place I know that has such amazing land features and such amazing landscapes. If it was described differently the whole book wouldnt make you feel the way you do when you read it and you wouldnt get the eerie feeling you get when they are in Hell. Plot: Darkness, Be My Friend is the fourth book in John Marsdens series consisting of Tomorrow, When the War Began, The Dead of the Night and The Third Day, The Frost, in which seven teenagers are in the middle of a violent war. Ellie, Fi, Kevin, Lee, Homer, Robyn and Corrie go camping to a remote part of their district. They find their way into a remote valley surrounded by dangerous cliffs and difficult terrain, where they are completely safe and cut off from the rest of the world. When the teenagers return to their homes, they find that all the families in the district have been abducted and locked into the show grounds by armed soldiers who are taking over Australia. After finding this, they perform many dangerous activities around the district to hold back the enemys progress. These including blowing up a bridge on a major convoy route and attacking an important bay used for shipping supplies. In this book the teenagers set out from New Zealand to help a small group of New Zealand soldiers attack the new airbase that has been built in the teenagers home town. The New Zealand soldiers disappear without a trace and the teenagers have to attack the airbase themselves The teenagers decide to look for the soldiers but end up getting trapped on an open paddock with a few trees. The only thing they could do is climb up the trees and wait till night. Once it was dark they got the horses in the paddock and rode them in pitch dark and at full gallop away from where they were. They ended up at the school and stayed there for a few days. When they left the school the tried to attack the air base by putting sugar in the petrol supply which was planned to make the planes crash while the were flying. Unfortunately It was a huge disaster because they couldnt get the lids of the petrol trucks to put the sugar in. Main Characters: Fi: Fi is beautiful, intelligent, kind to her friends and she is perfect in every way. She is light and graceful, has beautiful skin and looks like she hasnt done any hard physical work in her whole life. Fi is the kindest person but she is quick to tell Ellie when she is being annoying or stupid. Fi has been in this story from the first novel Tomorrow when the war began. She is now Ellies best friend since Robyn died. Kevin: The

Myths About Spanish and the People Who Speak It

Myths About Spanish and the People Who Speak It When many people, especially those in the United States, think of Spanish, they tend to think of mariachis, their favorite Mexican actor and Mexican immigrants. But the Spanish language and its people are far more diverse than the stereotypes suggest. Here we debunk 10 myths about Spanish and the people who speak it: More People Grow up Speaking English Than Speaking Spanish Because English has become a worldwide lingua franca for science, tourism, and business, its easy to forget that English is far surpassed by two other languages in terms of numbers of native speakers. Easily ranking No. 1 is Mandarin Chinese with 897 million native speakers, according to the Ethnologue database. Spanish comes in a distant second with 427 million, but thats well ahead of English with 339 million. One reason English seems more prominent is that its regularly spoken in 106 countries, compared with just 31 countries for Spanish. And English does rank ahead of Spanish when non-native speakers are counted as it is the worlds most common second language. Spanish Is the Language of Latin America The term Latin America traditionally is applied to any of the countries of the Americas where a Romance language is the dominant language. So the most populous country of Latin America - Brazil with more than 200 million residents - has Portuguese, not Spanish, as its official language. Even French-and Creole-speaking Haiti is considered part of Latin American, as is French Guiana. But countries such as Belize (formerly British Honduras, where English is the national language) and Suriname (Dutch) are not. Neither is French-speaking Canada. Even in countries where Spanish is the official language, other languages are common. Indigenous languages such as Quechua and Guarani are widely used in large swaths of South America, and the latter is co-official in Paraguay, where it is spoken even by many who arent of Amerindian heritage. Nearly two dozen languages are spoken in Guatemala, and in Mexico, about 6 percent of people dont speak Spanish as their first language. Native Spanish Speakers Talk Like Speedy Gonzales The Spanish of the cartoon character Speedy Gonzales is an exaggeration of Mexican Spanish, of course, but the truth is that a minority of Spanish speakers have a Mexican accent. The Spanish of Spain and Argentina, to take two examples, doesnt sound like Mexican Spanish- just as U.S. English speakers dont sound like their counterparts in Great Britain or South Africa. Although much of the regional variations in English tend to be with the vowels, in Spanish the variation is in the consonants: In the Caribbean, for example, speakers may tend to distinguish little between the r and the l. In Spain, most people pronounce the soft c with the tongue against the upper teeth rather than the front of the palate. There are substantial variations as well in the rhythm of speech from region to region. The Spanish 'R' Is Difficult to Pronounce Yes, it does take practice to get the trilled r to come naturally, but millions learn it every year. But not all Rs are trilled: You can pronounce the common word pero close to correctly just by sounding out peddo, and mero sounds very much like meadow. In any case, its undoubtedly easier for native English speakers to pronounce the Spanish r than for native Spanish speakers to pronounce the English r. People Who Speak Spanish Are Spanish As a nationality, Spanish refers to people from Spain and only Spain. People who are from Mexico are, well, Mexican; people from Guatemala are Guatemalan; and so on. I wont try to settle here any controversy over how to use terms such as Hispanic and Latino. Suffice it to say that traditionally in Spanish, hispano is used to refer to someone from the Iberian Peninsula, while latino can refer to anyone from a country that speaks a Latin-derived language - and sometimes specifically to people from the Lazio region of Italy. Native Spanish Speakers Have Brown Skin, Brown Eyes and Black Hair In their totality, Spain and the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America are every bit the melting pot of races and ethnicities that the United States is. The societies of Spanish-speaking Latin America descend not only from Spaniards and indigenous Amerindians but also from peoples of Africa, Asia, and non-Spanish Europe. Most of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas have a population that is majority mestizo (mixed race). Four countries (Argentina, Chile, Cuba, and Paraguay) are majority white. In Central America, many blacks, usually descendants of slaves, live along the Atlantic coast. Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, and Nicaragua each have a black population of around 10 percent. Peru especially has a large population of Asian ancestry. About 1 million are of Chinese heritage, and thus the abundance of chifas, as Chinese restaurants are known there. One of the former presidents of Peru, Alberto Fujimori, is of Japanese heritage. You Can Form Spanish Nouns Just by Adding 'O' to the English Word This works sometimes: A car in much of Latin America is a carro, a telephone is a telà ©fono, an insect is an insecto, and a secret is a secreto. But try this often and most of the time youll just end up with gibberish. Besides, an a works sometimes too: A jar is a jarra, music is mà ºsica, a family is a familia, and a pirate is a pirata. And, please, dont say No problemo for No problem. Its No hay problema. People Who Speak Spanish Eat Tacos (or Maybe Paella) Yes, tacos are common in Mexico, although it should tell you something that Taco Bell markets itself as U.S.-style fast food in Mexico, not as a Mexican-style chain. And paella is indeed eaten in Spain, although even there its considered something of a regional dish. But these foods arent found everywhere that Spanish is spoken. The fact is every region of the Spanish-speaking world has its own culinary favorites, and not all have crossed international boundaries. Not even the names are the same: Ask for a tortilla in Mexico or Central America, and youre likely to get a sort of pancake or bread made from cornmeal, while in Spain youre likelier to receive an egg omelet, possibly prepared with potatoes and onions. Go to Costa Rica and ask for a casado, and youll get a simple if tasty four-course meal. Ask for the same in Chile, and theyll just wonder why youd want a married man. Spanish Will Take Over English in the United States While the number of native Spanish speakers in the United States is projected to increase to around 40 million by 2020 - up from 10 million in 1980 - studies consistently show that their children will grow up bilingual and that their grandchildren are likely to speak English exclusively. In other words, the level of Spanish speaking is tied more closely to current immigration rates than it is to use of Spanish by those born in the U.S. The descendants of Spanish speakers switch to English as they assimilate just as did those who came to America speaking German, Italian and Chinese. Spanish Is an Official Language in Just Spain and Latin America Of the African territories that were once part of the Spanish Empire, one independent country still uses Spanish. Thats Equatorial Guinea, which gained independence in 1968. One of the smallest countries in Africa, it has around 750,000 residents. About two-thirds of them speak Spanish, while French, Portuguese and indigenous languages also are used.

Descriptions and Examples of Four Research Methods Essay

Descriptions and Examples of Four Research Methods - Essay Example An example of content analysis as a research method is demonstrated in the work of Pfau, et al. (2005), in which they review the effect of the embedding of journalists in the military units involved in the invasion and occupation of Iraq on the tone and message displayed in television news reports. Content analysis was conducted of television news reports aired on four major networks (ABC, CBS, CNN and NBC), and the results were compared based on whether the coverage for each report depended upon embedded or non-embedded journalists. Pfau, et al. (2005), indicated that embedded news sources displayed an overall tone that was more favorable toward the military in general and depicted military personnel in a more favorable light. Embedded sources tended to use greater levels of episodic frames, eliciting more positive relational cues. By contrast, unilateral or non-embedded sources tended to minimize the use of episodic framing, and tended to depict the military as a whole, as well as individuals in the military, in a less positive tone. As an aside, the study also found uniform indications that the news stories of the initial invasion and early occupation were more positively reported and employed greater episodic framing than the stories about the Iraq occupation as it drew on. Shawver (2006) defines content analysis as a procedure that studies natural communications, usi... questioning, advising, informing, etc.) and in the tone and structure of the presentation. Multiple systems can be applied to the same data over time, as well, allowing additional analysis and investigation. A striking example of a longitudinal study can be found in the work of D'Angio et al. (2002), in the 15 year follow-up of children born severely premature and treated with surfactant therapy. An initial pool of 213 infants born at ages prior to 29 weeks of gestation across a three year time span (1985-87) had shrunk to a field of 132 of which 127 were evaluated cross a three year span (1992-95), and 126 were re-evaluated in 2000. At each point, the child's physical and mental conditions were evaluated as was the amount of neurodevelopmental compromise. D'Angio, et al., indicated that 21% of the 127 evaluated at primary school age showed symptoms of at least one severe disability, while 32% were placed in special needs classrooms and 19% showed general cognitive indices below 70. By the time of the secondary school-age follow-up evaluation 41% of the children had no physical or educational impairment, whereas 19% showed at least one severe disability. 15% of the children at both evaluation times were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. D'Angio, et al., concluded that even with surfactant therapy, children born prematurely remain at high risk for neurodevelopmental compromise and significant percentages of these children will require special educational services. Of added note is the fact that the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes related not to the gestational age at birth, but rather to socioeconomic status and presence of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. Keppel, Saufley and Tokunaga (1992) define a longitudinal study as a form of research

Master of science, financial engineer personal statement

Master of science, financial engineer - Personal Statement Example One of the reasons I studied engineering is due my excellent quantitative abilities. I scored a perfect 800 on the math section of the GRE exam. Despite my background in engineering I have realized that pure engineering work might not be what I desire to do with my life. My love for math can be put to better use in a related field. I am interest in applying for the master’s degree program in financial engineering. I want to pursue a degree in financial engineering because this is a growing field that has plenty of jobs available due to the fact that there is a shortage of professionals trained in this field. My background in engineering will only enhance my ability to visualize how to apply finance to optimize the efficiency of an engineering project. All engineering projects require the assistance of accountants and financial people. As a financial engineer I can become the bridge that connects the engineering and accounting/finance departments. My technical expertise in engineering will enable me to speak the language of engineers, while at the same time being able to communicate effectively with the managers and financial people. Upon further researching the salary potential of electrical engineering I realized that even though engineers are paid a very competitive salary which hovers around $60,000 starting out, the field of financial engineering is much more rewarding. The average starti ng salary for a financial engineer is $80,000 to $90,000. Investing an extra two years of my life pursing a graduate degree in financial engineering is an investment that will provide me with a tremendous return on investment. Along with the financial incentive one of the primary reasons that I want to study financial engineering is because the type of work performed by financial engineers is more personally rewarding to me. I love performing pure math and working with numbers. My college counselor told me that based on my math

Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands - Essay Example The emergence of HIV/AIDS and its prevalence among injecting drug users further tightened the international resolve to classify most of the drugs outlined above as hard drugs and illegal. Consequently, there came the formulation of national policies and strategies, international agreements and cooperative strategies between states to tackle trafficking and combat drug use across borders. To date, the issue of drugs has become more complex with the emergence of production and trafficking cartels that have global representation and sophisticated smuggling tactics that are capable of evading customs authorities in many parts of the world. Efforts of several governments have borne fruit in controlling the menace while others are still staggering around the issue with no tangible progress (Thomas 142). Netherlands National Drug Strategy With legislation dating back to the early 20th century’s enactment of the opium actin 1928, followed by its fundamental amendment of 1976, the nati onal drug strategy of Netherlands came to effect in 1995 to provide a framework for dealing with illicit drug-related problems. The strategy has four major objectives, which include prevention of drug usage, rehabilitation and treatment of addicts, harm reduction among users, public nuisance eradication and diminishing production and trafficking. All these objectives aim at achieving the broader goal of promoting general health in the country. The strategy is restricted to illegal drugs with reinforcement from sector-specific strategies such as destruction of drug plantations, interception, and stoppage of trafficking through the airlines and shipping agencies as well as health promotion campaigns. The strategy is seen by many policy analysts as too liberal and giving a lot of room for drug use. This is because drug use constitutes a crime if it involves other unlawful practices like stealing and burglary, illegal trade, and trafficking. The use of drugs is also permissible outside public places like hospitals, schools, public means of transport and public parks. The strategy also exempts conviction for being in possession of small quantities of both soft and hard drugs that do not surpass the respective thresholds, in which confiscation is the only penalty.  

Analysis of Earthmoving Equipment

Analysis of Earthmoving Equipment Earthmoving equipment is typically used due to the high efficiency of the construction work. In early era human power has been used to move earth requiring plenty of time and manpower. But with the development of technology earthmoving equipment has been introduced to the construction field and nowadays more advanced and easily maneuverable earthmoving equipment are available. Thus the time consumption and manpower is greatly reduced resulting a more efficient and time saving construction methods. There are number of earthmoving equipment that can be used for the construction and each equipment provides a different purpose. (equipment, 2014) Excavators Figure 1: Excavator Excavators are mainly se to excavate soil. Excavators are very useful in deep excavations as well as it can be used for different applications by changing the bucket to different gadgets. Typically excavators are used in cutting trenches, digging holes and foundation pits, Handling of Material , Construction, General grading or landscaping work, Mining of minerals and gems, River dredging, pile driving, , shafts drilling for footings and blasting of rocks etc.(equipment, 2014) Backhoe Figure 2: Backhoe Backhoe is a versatile equipment which widely used in construction industry. It is a combination of an excavator and bulldozer. It can be used for quick earthmoving work and it can replace both excavator and bulldozer if the scale of the work is low. Also due to its 4 wheel system it can easily move through any rough terrain. Hence backhoe is typically seen on any construction field. The levers are operated by hydraulic pistons and the bucket can be replaced with other useful add-ons accordance to the requirement. (equipment, 2014) Bulldozer Figure 3: Bulldozer Bulldozer is a very powerful equipment which can be used to move earth and prepare surfaces. Due to its high power and belt wheel system it is used to move heavy soil lumps in one go. It has a large plate or blade attached to its front which facilitates pushing mechanism of large soil, rubble, gravel or other materials. By changing the blade to a ripper it can be used for farming or ground loosening work. Skid steer loader Figure 4: Skid Steer Loader Skid steer loader is a small scale equipment which can be used for quick work and for the places where large equipment cannot be accessible. Easily maneuverability is one of the main advantage of the equipment. Also it can be used to load soil into dump trucks. The main characteristic of this equipment is its wheel can be rotated independently allowing it to turn in limited spaces. (equipment, 2014) Trencher Figure 5: Trencher Trencher is another useful equipment that can be used to dig trenches in construction work.trencher has a long arm equipped with rotating belt of blades. The blades dig trenches while the equipment is moving along the required line. This can also be used for digging of irrigation channels, foundation trenches, road drainages etc. trenchers are also used in farming industry as well. (equipment, 2014) Motor Grader Figure 6: Motor Grader Motor grader is another useful earthmoving equipment. This equipment is heavily used in road construction. The main purpose of a motor grader is to prepare surfaces according to required slopes and angles. With the long blade attached to front arm of the equipment it can prepare flat surfaces. The motor grader is also referred to as road grader due to its heavy usage in road construction. This equipment is also used in irrigation construction as well. (History of the Bulldozer. Retrieved 2008-12-17.) For the given project I would use excavators, backhoes and Skid steer loader. The main reason for the excavator the amount of soil needs to be excavated to prepare the basement. Backhoes will be used to small scale work and slope preparation work. Skid steer loaders will be used for the small work where space is limited for big equipment. To ensure the equipment is used efficiently, effectively and economically I will preplan the earth moving process and schedule the work plan with allocating time for each equipment so that every equipment is not used at once wasting time. Also I will allocate specific tie limit for each equipment and the operator should be able to finish the allocated work within the given period of time. With such management mechanisms I can use the provided equipment effectively, efficiently and economically. What methods and resources will you employ to ensure safe and productive operations in deep excavations and trenching for your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. I will use shoring method to ensure the stability of soil while deep excavating and also a safety officer should be allocated for supervision of excavation work. Excavations will not be done on rainy days. Also the excavations will be done maintaining minimum slope angles for stability. There are several steps that need to be taken in order to assure safe and productive opertaions in deep excavations Preplanning of the work to be done taking following factors into account Traffic Proximity and physical condition of nearby structures Soil classification Surface and ground water Location of the water table Overhead and underground utilities Weather Quantity of shoring or protective systems that may be required Fall protection needs Number of ladders that may be needed Other equipment needs Protective Systems OSHA generally requires that employers protect workers from cave-ins by:   Sloping and benching the sides of the excavation; supporting the sides of the excavation; or Placing a shield between the side of the excavation and the work area. Define types of temporary works required to deal with stability and groundwater problems in the project. Typically during excavation process dewatering has to be done while maintaining stability of slopes. There are several practices used in industry maintain stability. Caissons Caisson is a structure that is developed at area if the   site is ashore, yet in the event that the venture site is seaward, it is built ashore and afterward skimmed to the site seaward. In the caisson technique for development, the unearthing is performed from inside the permanent structure. After the caisson is in position, uncovering from inside the caisson structure starts. As the unearthing is done, the caisson structure begins to sink by its own weight, or if fundamental, by forced burdens. This strategy proceeds until the coveted foundation level is accomplished. Figure demonstrates this procedure schematically. ( Wilson,1873) Figure 7: Caissons Installing Ground Freezing The theory of ground solidifying is to change the water in the soil into a strong mass of ice. This mass of ice is totally impermeable. Ground solidifying is utilized for groundwater cutoff, for earth bolster, for brief supporting, for adjustment of earth for passage removal, to capture landslides and to balance out deserted mineshafts. The principals of ground solidifying are undifferentiated from pumping groundwater from wells. To solidify the ground, a column of stop channels are set vertically in the soil and warmth vitality is expelled through these funnels. Isotherms (an isotherm is a line interfacing areas with equivalent temperature) move out from the stop channels with time like groundwater forms around a well. Once the earth temperature comes to 32  °F (0  °C), water in the soil pores swings to ice. At that point additionally cooling continues. The groundwater in the pores promptly solidifies in granular soils, for example, sands. For example, soaked sand accomplishes magnificent quality at just a couple of degrees underneath the point of solidification. On the off chance that the temperature is brought down further, the quality increments hardly. In strong soils, for example, muds, the ground water is molecularly fortified at any rate to some degree to the soil particles. On the off chance that delicate mud is chilled off to solidifying temperature, a few segments of its pore water to start to stop and it causes the earth to harden. With further decrease in temperature, more pore water solidifies and subsequently more quality pick up is accomplished. When planning for solidified earth structures in firm soils, it might be important to determine generously bring down temperat ures to accomplish the required quality, than in attachment less soils. A temperature of +20  °F might be adequate in sands, though temperatures as low as -20  °F might be required in delicate soils. The outline of a solidified earth obstruction is represented by the warm properties of the fundamental oils and related reaction to the solidifying framework. Arrangement of solidified earth boundary creates at various rates relying upon the warm and water powered properties of every stratum. Ordinarily, shake and coarse-grained soils solidify quicker than muds and sediments. (Jessica Morrison ,2013) Figure 8: Ground freezing method Dewatering Methods Wellpoints The wellpoint comprises of an opened or punctured pipe which is secured with a screen work. At the foot of this pipe is a hole which licenses flying of the pipe into the ground amid foundation. A well-point dewatering framework comprises of a progression of firmly set little distance across wells introduced to shallow profundities. These wells are associated with a pipe or header that encompasses the removal and is joined to a vacuum pump. The development ventures in the well point framework are: 1. The wellpoints are jetted into the ground; 2. The annulars void is filled with filter media; 3. The wellpoints are connected to a header pipe by means of a riser; 4. The header pipe is connected to suction pumps for pumping. Powers, J. Patrick (1992). Figure 9: Well points What types of plant and equipment will you use in substructure and drainage activities in your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. For the given project first thing that needs to do is providing drainage. While providing proper drainage by means of dewatering pumps and wells. Then to stabilize the earth proper shoring should be needed. Once the shoring is properly established further excavation and substructure work can be commenced. Drainage and dewatering Backhoes Dewatering pumps Drilling machines Hoses Generators etc. Earth stabilizing Shoring machines Cranes Welding plants Backhoes and excavators Substructure work Skid Steer loader Backhoe Excavator Piling machine What techniques of installing piling systems and ground stabilization activities will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. The foundation procedure and technique for foundations are similarly critical components as of the outline procedure of heap foundations. Pilefoundation techniques are foundation by heap mallet and exhausting by mechanical auger.In request to evade harms to the piles, amid plan, foundation Methods and foundation hardware ought to be precisely selected.If foundation is to be done utilizing pile pound, then the accompanying components ought to be taken into thought: Size of the pile and the weight of the pile The available head room and space The availability of supporting equipment and machinery The noise pollution and regulations. The driving resistance for the designed drilling Pile driving methods (displacement piles) Methods of pile driving can be categorised as follows: Dropping weight Explosion Vibration Jacking (restricted to micro-pilling) Jetting Drop hammers   Ã‚   A hammer with around the heaviness of the pile is brought a reasonable stature up in a guide and discharged to strike the pile head. This is a straightforward type of mallet utilized as a part of conjunction with light casings and test piling, where it might be uneconomical to bring a steam heater or compressor on to a site to drive extremely set number of piles. There are two main types of drop hammers 1. Single-acting pile hammers which operates using steam or compressed-air comprise a large weight in a cylindrical container. Steam or compressed air rises it up the fixed piston rod. At the top of the blow, or at a reduced height which can be operated by the operator, the steam is cut off and the cylinder falls freely on the pile helmet. 2. Double-acting pile hammers can be run by steam or compressed air. A pilling mount is not mandatory with this mode of hammer which can be fixed to the upperpart of the pile by leg-guides, the pile being directed by a timber structure. When used with a pile mount, back directs are fastened to the hammer to engage with leaders, and only short leg-guides are used to stop the hammer from moving relatively to the top of the pile. These type of hammers are used mainly for sheet pile driving. Pile driving by vibrating Vibratory sledges are normally electrically fueled or using pressurized water controlled and comprises of contra-pivoting unconventional masses inside a lodging connecting to the heap head. The abundancy of the vibration is adequate to separate the skin erosion on the sides of the heap. Vibratory strategies are most appropriate to sandy or gravelly soil. Jetting:to help the entrance of piles into sand or sandy rock, water streaming might be utilized. In any case, the strategy has exceptionally restricted impact in firm to solid muds or any dirt containing much coarse rock, cobbles, or stones. Boring methods (non-displacement piles) Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Hardware contains a portable base transporter fitted with an empty stemmed flight wood screw which is pivoted into the ground to required profundity of pilling. To shape the heap, cement is put through the flight twist drill as it is pulled back from the beginning. The twist drill is fitted with defensive top on the outlet at the base of the focal tube and is pivoted into the ground by the top mounted turning pressure driven engine which keeps running on a transporter joined to the pole. On achieving the required profundity, profoundly workable cement is pumped through the empty stem of the wood screw, and under the weight of the solid the defensive top is disconnected. While pivoting the wood screw in an indistinguishable bearing from amid the exhausting stage, the ruin is removed vertically as the twist drill is pulled back and the heap is shaped by loading with cement. In this procedure, it is essential that pivot of the wood screw and stream of cement is coordinated that fall of sides of the opening above cement on lower flight of twist drill is evaded. This may prompt to voids in loaded with soil in cement. The strategy is particularly viable on delicate ground and empowers to introduce an assortment of exhausted heaps of different widths that can infiltrate a large number of soil conditions. Still, for fruitful operation of revolving twist drill the dirt must be sensibly free of tree roots, cobbles, and stones, and it must act naturally supporting. Amid operation little soil is brought upwards by the twist drill that horizontal burdens are kept up in the dirt and voiding or extreme slackening of the dirt limit. Be that as it may, if the pivot of the wood screw and the progress of the twist drill are not coordinated, bringing about evacuation of soil amid penetrating perhaps prompting to fall of the side of the gap. Figure 10: Piling and Auguring Underreaming An extraordinary component of wood screw exhausted heaps which is here and there used to empower to misuse the bearing limit of appropriate strata by giving a developed base. The dirt must be fit for standing open unsupported to utilize this method. Firm and to hard muds, for example, the London dirt, are perfect. In its shut position, the underreaming instrument is fitted inside the straight area of a heap shaft, and after that extended at the base of the heap to create the underream appeared in fig. 3.Normally, after establishment and before cement is threw, a man conveying enclosure is brought down and the pole and the underream of the heap is reviewed. (Fleming et al, 1985,) What methods and processes of constructing foundations including will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Describe the resources that you will use for the construction of foundations. Justify your choice. In the event of soils having low bearing limit, overwhelming auxiliary burdens are generally bolstered by giving Raft or tangle establishments. Likewise if the structure is defenseless against subsidence on being situated in mining range or because of questionable conduct of its sub-soil water condition, flatboat or tangle establishments ought to be favored. Raft or Mat Foundations gives an efficient answer for troublesome site conditions, where heap establishment cant be utilized profitably and free section balance gets to be distinctly impracticable. Raft or tangle establishments comprises of thick fortified solid slab covering the whole range of the base of the structure like a story. The piece is strengthened with bars running at right points to each other both close base and top face of the section. Now and again it is important to convey the over the top section stack by a course of action of reversed principle shafts and auxiliary bars, cast solidly with the flatboat piece. The Raftslab for the most part ventures for a separation of 30 cm. to 45cm. on every one of the sides of the external dividers of the structure in that capacity the region of exhuming is marginally more than the range of the structure itself. The unearthing is made to the required profundity and the whole uncovered territory is very much united. This surface, when dry, gives the base whereupon the flatboat or tangle section is laid. Every one of the precautionary measures that are important to be seen amid the strengthened solid development are entirely clung to and promote development is begun simply after the curing of the Raft has been completely done.Halpin, Daniel W.; Senior, Bolivar A. (2010). Describe methods and resources that you will use in processes, undertaking drainage works including culverts and installing services in your project. Culverts and drainage works Excavation The area of the proposed drainage will be set out on the ground by checking with paint and pegs at pit areas. Where works are along edge of existing roadway movement light or stop/go framework might be set up to do works. A trench will then be unearthed between pits utilizing an excavator with material stacked to dump truck. The trench width will differ contingent upon the measure of the pipe. Installation Where drains are being introduced a layer of geotextile material should be put along the framework of the trench and a layer of channel stone might then be put in base of trench to get pipe work. The pipe work should then be laid to the right line and level by utilizing a review laser Backfilling of Ducting The remaining stone might then be put by six ton dumper up to underside of topping where geotextile should be turned out under topping layer. The rest of the depleted might be bested up once surfacing works are done up to wearing course level. Establishment of layer of Geogrid should likewise be done at this stage. All chambers on the deplete lines might be built with pre-thrown solid catch pits and should be put as pipeline continues. (Turner-Fairbank Highway research Center ,1998) Figure 12: Culverts What types of plant and equipment will you use in the construction of superstructure your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. Construction of superstructure requires lot of machinery and equipment and the uses may vary throughout the different stages of the project. Following are a list of equipment and the uses of each equipment. Equipment Uses Batching plant Concrete Production Concrete pump Concrete pouring to higher levels Tower crane Shifting materials Elevator Shifting materials and laborers Formwork systems Form the structure Scaffolding For higher level work Poker vibrator For compaction of concrete The batching plant will produce concrete required to construction and concrete mixture truck and pump will support to pour concrete to slabs, columns and beams. Tower crane and elevator will help to move goods and laborers respectively. Scaffoldings, formwork systems and poker vibrator will be used for concrete pouring and form the columns, slabs and beams of the building. What methods and resources will you use in undertaking the main forms of structural activities in you project? Include the use of concrete in its various forms as well as the use of structural steelwork. Provide relevant examples. Justify your choices. Mainly concrete will be used together with steel to form the superstructure. Typically formwork will be established first and then concrete together with steel will be used to cast columns, beams and slabs of the building. For the aforementioned task concrete pumps, poker vibrators, laborers and skilled supervisors will be needed. Concrete is typically used for this type of construction work due to its workability. Liquid state of concrete allows us to cast different required shapes and forms of structures with ease. Whereas steel is a pre-fabricated material hence steel does not provide the freedom to use for different shapes. But steel is also a very good construction material which facilitates fast construction. Structural steelwork can be used together with concrete to produce composite structures. Also steel can be used alone for buildings as well. (Concrete Association, 2013) What methods of false work and formwork will you use in the superstructure activities in your project? Provide examples. Justify your choice. What processes of concrete production, delivery and placement will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Formwork implies the surface of the frame and surrounding used to contain and shape wet cement until it is self-supporting. Formwork incorporates the structures on or inside which the solid is poured and the casings and propping which give soundness. Albeit ordinarily alluded to as a component of the formwork get together, the joists, bearers, propping, establishments and footings are actually alluded to as false work. Formwork development may include high hazard exercises like working fueled portable plant like cranes, working at stature and unearthing establishments. The outline of the last solid structure can majorly affect the simplicity of formwork development and the wellbeing and security of individuals amid development. For the most part the more essential and basic the last solid structure, the more secure it is to develop, erect and destroy the formwork. An accomplished formwork creator ought to be counseled amid the plan of in-situ solid structures to empower the wellbeing and dangers amid formwork development and destroying to be considered in the outline. The formwork originator must be equipped in formwork configuration including reporting brief work stages and exceptional gear required for safe formwork development on location. A creator may utilize a specialized standard or a blend of gauges and building standards significant to the plan prerequisites the length of the result is an outline that meets administrative necessities. Concrete production Concrete Batching plant Concrete will be produced in a batching plant to ensure the quality and strength of the concrete. Concrete Delivery Mixture truck Mixture trucks will be used to deliver concrete to the site from the batching plant to prevent loss of workability and quality of concrete Concrete Placement- Concrete pump truck Concrete will be placed to higher levels using a concrete pumping truck. This way we can efficiently pour concrete.   (Concrete Association, 2013) Identify and assess the hazards arising from the substructure activities. Falling of unstabilized soil Falling to deep excavated trenches and pits Hazards associated with excavators Shorings can be weak Damages to underground electrical wires Explain the legal framework of health, safety and welfare and the requirements of the current CDM Regulations. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) addresses the management of health, safety and welfare of workers in construction projects. CDM 2015 substituted the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM 2007) and the Accepted Code of Practice which is providing supporting direction on CDM 2007 was inhibited. CDM 2015 aims to uplift health and safety in the industry by providing guidance to: Rationally plan the work so the risks tangled are succeededthroughout. Have the correct people for the correct job at the correct time collaborate and organize your work have the properinfo about the risks and how they are managed convey information efficiently to those who need to know consult and occupy workers for the risks management activities and educate them how they are being managed The CDM2007 Regulations expect to lessen development mischances and sick wellbeing in Great Britain by empowering the different partners of the development business to enhance in arranging and dealing with their activities contemplating matters of security and wellbeing at an early stage in the venture definition. By beginning concentrating on these basic focuses toward the start of a venture, dangers can be recognized and supervisors can use sound judgment in front of challenges. In this new form of the directions, the HSC concentrates on correspondence and co-appointment between every one of the gatherings required in the development venture and set up a few obligations for each of the distinctive partners. It likewise highlights that the measure of printed material and all the administration brought on by the past rendition of the controls ought to be diminished and the attention put on the arranging and administration. The CDM set up commitments for customers and fashioners. The fundamental commitment forced to the customer is to delegate the primary partners for the arranging and the acknowledgment of development work. By development work, the CDM extensively alludes to the doing of building, structural designing or building development word .Among the dutyholders which take an interest to the doing of the venture are the Client, the Designer, the CDM-Coordinator, the Principal Contractor and the Contractors. (The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations ,2007) Evaluate and justify the role of the planning coordinator who has been appointed to the project. Construction project coordinators plan, organize, and guide the actions of a construction project, under the guidance of a manager. He works on-site most of the time, over looking the day-to-day tasks of the project. He works for residential, commercial and industrial construction companies or for construction departments of companies outside the construction industry. Generally, construction project coordinators: Make contracts and negotiate alterations to contracts with architects, consultants, clients, suppliers, and subcontractors. Suggest and implement QC programs. Make progress reports for clients. Control the acquisition of building materials and land. Hire and supervise subcontractors and staff. During the excavation works the contractor found that the sub-soil in a section of the site to be contaminated. All site activities were halted pending further investigations. Following the investigations it was found that the site was contaminated with caustic soda and from material linked to buried heavy fuel tanks. The client has asked for a design solution to the problem. The contaminated ground can be treated with 5% ferric chloride treat the caustic soda contamination. Proper waterproofing of basement can further ensure that the caustic soda intrusion is completely blocked. Burried heavy fuel tanks should be properly sealed to prevent further leakages. If the contaminated section can be completely removed it should be removed and disposed safely to continue construction work. (Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Human Health Evaluation Manual) Produce a risk assessment for the above problem. Hazard identification Caustic Soda and Heavy fuel Contamination. Laborers and stakeholders can be affected Sub soil needs to be treated or removed

Overview of The Cold War :: essays research papers

The Soviet Union and the United States served as Allies during World War II. At the end of the war however each side wanted to deal with the aftermath differently. The United States was in favor of a peaceful and cooperative relationship with Germany and their Allies. The Soviet Union wanted revenge on the crimes and atrocities that were committed against them. The United States wanted to push democracy in Eastern Europe yet the Soviets countered this by saying the United States was hypocritical, since at that time the United States supported the Latin countries that were governed by dictatorships. The Soviets were under the impression that this was an effort to boost the UNITED STATES economy. One of the main reasons the Soviets wanted their revenge is because they lost over twenty million citizens in the war. Even though the United States lost 405, 000, this was not as great as the loss suffered by the Soviet Union. Just like when one person gets mad they have to have it their way or no way at all and the Soviets felt this way. They wanted revenge on Germany and did not want to take no for an answer. As a result of World War II the United States came out the most powerful nation in the world, they had learned from their mistakes, as well as the knowledge of how the war could have been prevented. Therefore the United States believed they knew best and ignored the previous isolation policy. Their attitude toward the Soviets was very cocky because they believed they knew what was best. The United States needed to access raw materials, markets for their goods, and security for investments overseas that could only be met in countries with governments like their own. Th is is another reason the United States wanted to push for democracies overseas. President Truman wanted to have a cooperative relationship with the Soviet Union as long as they did what the United States wanted them to do. He wanted to restrain their expansionist impulses and allow the United States to rebuild Germany and their Allies. Truman knew that he could get away with this because American had a nuclear monopoly which attributed to the United State’s power. Josef Stalin the leader of the Soviet Union wanted to force communism on surrounding nations.

Cloud Operating System Architecture

Cloud Computing Architecture Tall Tanager developer. [email  protected] Com Abstract? A bright vision of the future sparks up with the new technologies of cloud computing. A new perspective towards how files, pictures, documents are shared, accessed and modified over the World Wide Web. In this we take a look at the architecture of cloud computers, identify and explain the different layers from client to host. It also discusses how we will be able to design, implement, develop and innovate in the future with cheaper costs, better efficiency by the use of powerful systems on the cloud almost anytime and anywhere around the globe.A world with incredible virtual systems being made affordable for everyone. Looking ahead the next decade, cloud computing promises to collaborate everywhere through mobile devices. Introduction Cloud computing can be seen as a very promising future of computing with cheaper costs, application efficiency and a door opening for millions of people around the g lobe not being able to afford powerful systems for education, work and development.Given the ability that it will allow people to conduct geophysical modeling experiments, render high-end graphics almost anywhere and anytime in he world will lead to innovation by many with ideas being capable of implementing them for an affordable cost. It can store immense amount of data, improve accessibility, secure data by making it available to authorized users only and deploy web scripts for PH, Perl, ASP. NET and several others on the go as it includes a platform for an Apache and MYSELF TM Database Server.Most importantly sharing videos, music and documents across the internet would be far more efficient as files would no longer be required to uploaded instead would require access-permission. From modeling AD graphs to integrate photos, maps with a handful of web services, loud computing would highly benefit large business corporations. Keywords? collaborate, affordable costs, efficiency, in tegrate The Layers – An Outer Look Here is a representation of architecture of a common cloud computer.The first layer being the client layer is a web browser on a mobile or tablet device. An application has three layers, graphical interface layer (user interaction), application layer (the coding-level) and the database layer (for storing data). Figure 1-1 (Graphical Representation of the different layers) Next we have cloud services, the service required for applications to run I. Apache services, database servers etc. This layer cannot be directly modified by the client. Alongside these is the cloud runtime for storage and table services.These could be various applications such as an anti-virus tool, a service for file transfer, POP connection services. Lastly we have the Infrastructure and storage. This has to do with the hardware, the physical design of the system to ensure maximum durability, prevent incidents such as short circuits, ensure cooling etc. Deployment and Us er Experience User Intent & Interface To be able to customize your computer and have a flexible environment to work in sakes an important factor in the overall architectural design of the system.End-users look out more for the design; the speed and accessing their programs with ease rather than worry about the infrastructure or web services. Over here the target needs to be aiming for fast application deployment, services should be updated automatically, and responsiveness should be fast. Designing On Established Trends Cloud computers are deployed on established trends to reduce cost out of the delivery of services as it increases the speed and power at which services are deployed. Cloud computing offers on-demand deployment in less time with reduced cost and maximum efficiency.From one perspective, it seems to be nothing new as it approaches concepts already built and established however from another perspective, cloud computing is something complete new as it develops ideas on ho w we deploy, update, scale, invent and maintain our applications over a huge network. Over the last few years, virtual machines have become the standard deployment object. We have seen how people connect to remote computers using built-in applications. As we can see, it further improves the flexibility as the system is total pendent on the host.For instance, a person can rent a computer for a few hours being provided the authentication by host. This way, many people can have access to powerful systems for less cost without needing to upgrade hardware to enhance their systems. Figure 1-2 shows a typical remote desktop connection. This shows how cloud computing has revolutionized over the years and been made better. Cloud computing promises us in the future to be able to access computers through web browsers with reliability and an affordable cost. Keywords? on demand deployment, flexibility, fertilization, hypothesisFigure 1-2 (a typical remote-desktop connection) Infrastructure Prog rammable Infrastructure In the past, developers would identify how the various component of application would be managed, secured, modified, interconnected, and deployed. Now a developer would be able to use a Cloud Provider's API to manipulate the application on the go and not only that but to manage tremendous work load changes. Consider this analogy: A Java developer creates and deletes thread to do multiple activities at the same time however now developers can do the same but modify the application dynamically giving them power to accommodate accordingly.To make the best out of cloud computing, a developer must be an architect being able to create a self-logging and self-expanding application for best user experience. Infrastructure as a Service (alas) alas is one of the fundamental service models of cloud computing. It provides computing resource in a brutalized environment, â€Å"the cloud†, usually through a public network like the Internet. It includes attributes suc h as virtual server space, network bandwidth, IP etc. A hypothesis such as Java VIM creates virtual machines and/or allows you to connect to one over the internet.Platform as a Service (Pas) Pas is another fundamental service model of cloud computing. In these models, the provider delivers services such as an operating system, an executable environment (programming environment), database server etc. Application developers can run and develop their programs on this platform service without the cost of buying additional hardware. This is extremely useful to the ones whom cannot afford the luxury of powerful systems and complexity of managing hardware. Software as a Service (AAAS) AAAS is Just another fundamental service model of cloud computing.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Positive and Negative Reinforcement †Management Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Positive and Negative Reinforcement – Management Essay Free Online Research Papers Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Positive and Negative Reinforcement Management Essay I will be discussing the two types of operant conditioning which are positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. I will attempt to list the advantages and disadvantages of using either and briefly touch on extinction which is the lack of use of either positive or negative reinforcement. There are four types of operant conditioning namely positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction. According to Skinner’s terminology, any form of incentives such as goals and rewards may be referred to as positive reinforcers and the receiving of the reward or achieving the goal is termed as positive reinforcement (Skinner B.F., 1969). In positive reinforcement, a particular behaviour is strengthened by the consequence of experiencing a positive condition (mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/proj/nru/opcond.html). Positive reinforcement is effective and largely used for two separate reasons. Firstly, it is one of the most powerful techniques available for the direction or motivation of the actions of other people. The second reason which is more philosophical is the versatility of the concept of reinforcement as an explanation of behaviour (Walker. S, 1975). In other words, the question is why do people behave the way they do? The answer will be that it is because they (people) are reinforced for it (Walker. S, 1975). Many companies employ the use of positive reinforcements to increase productivity, decrease absenteeism and workplace accidents. One company tried holding lottery draws ever month and they noticed a significant consistency in attendance. A construction company offered incentives such as a buffet end of each month if the workers maintained an accident free record. True enough, the accident free record was maintained for a good number of months (Mazur J.E.,1986). When positive rein forcements are used, the desired outcome is that the behaviour is reinforced. Subjects understand that the behaviour is desirable and will tend to repeat it for the rewards. In the negative outcome, subjects may take the rewarding for granted. They may repeat the behaviour with the intention of receiving more of the rewards and not understanding that that behaviour is desirable or they may deem the rewards as part and parcel of things. That is that the education part has failed. Some examples of these negative outcomes may be employees who get verbal praises for everything they do, think that it is all lip service. There is no real intention to compliment them for their good work. Another would be a young child plainly doing things to curry praises (Strain P.S., Joseph G.E.). In a similar fashion, a negative reinforcer is a stimulus one would desire to avoid. The act of escaping or avoiding a negative reinforcer is termed as negative reinforcement. Disincentives are punishers. There is a natural tendency to put punishments under the wing of negative reinforcement. However under the definitions of operant conditioning, negative reinforcement is the strengthening of a particular behaviour by the consequence of experiencing a negative condition (mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/proj/nru/opcond.html). Punishment in the operant conditioning sense is to weaken a particular behaviour as a consequence of experiencing a negative condition. Negative reinforcement is used commonly for education or reform. The use of fines, imprisonment is one such example of the use of negative reinforcement to warn of the negative consequences of associating with social ills. Skinner (Skinner,1953) and many others prefers the use of positive reinforcement to encourage good behaviours and do away with the social use of punishment altogether. Advantages of the use of negative reinforcement would be of course ideally the cultivation or strengthening of a desired behaviour after receiving the negative reinforcer. An example would be that an employer informs his or her employee that their work requires some polishing up to meet the customer standards. The employer may go on further to explain that the customer is rather demanding and any negative feedback will tarnish the credibility of the employee. The desired response would be that the employee strives to perform better. Disadvantages of using negative reinforcement would be when the desired behaviour is not achieved. For instance a child was punished for strewing his toys on the floor by facing the wall and repeatedly saying he will not throw his things on the floor. He kept repeating the act and undergoing the punishment but he never understood why he should not leave his things on the floor. That is a negative outcome . Different organisations may choose to employ different styles of reinforcements or non at all. Commercial and non-commercial organisations may also use different approaches. One may use positive reinforcements to encourage repetition of the desired behaviours. Others may use negative reinforcements to discourage behaviours that are not in line with their policies. There are slight differences in how public and private schools educate their students. In general, schools tend to use negative reinforcements on rule breaking students as a method to educate them. The typical examples are verbal reprimands, being sent out of the classrooms, detentions, etc. There is an element of shame within these punishments which is intended to allow the students to discover how to behave well. Critics oppose to the use of negative reinforcements in schools and largely recommend the use of positive reinforcements. Negative reinforcements are used and positive reinforcements are easily ignored due to the strong cultural ethos that encourages the use of punishments. The use of punishments is effective ninety-five percent of the time. The remaining students are those with challenging behaviours who do not respond to traditional forms of punishments. So unless figures show otherwise, Skinner’s hope that positive reinforcement be used totally cannot be easily realized and punishments will still be the tool employed by schools to educate and to deter wayward behaviours. The proverb â€Å"spare the rod and spoil the child† explains the continued use of such traditional methods of educating (Maag J.W., 01-01-2001). It is a good point to emphasise that the discussion is on the use of negative reinforcements on students to shape a desired behaviour and not on punishments. Punishments here are merely the reinforcers or the tools of reinforcement. Maag suggests using new approaches to handle challenging students which are effective reinforcers which are ideally negative but wi thout the use of punishments (Maag J.W., 05-01-2001). Commercial organizations depending on situations, use positive and negative reinforcements. Although there is no premeditated use of scheduled reinforcements on encouraging desired behaviours and discouraging undesired behaviours, some managers do enforce them. As more managers understand the needs for better and efficient management styles, they also understand that subordinates seek job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can be achieved in many ways such as pay rises, day offs, or even simple words of encouragement, praises and recognition (Zielinski D., 05-01-2001). More than often the occasional verbal praises for a job well done does a lot to make an employee feel appreciated. Researches have shown that positive reinforcements increase the attendance of workers, improve their performances and also increase safety awareness. Negative reinforcements are sometimes used on the occasional lackadaisical employees. Romero and Kleiner believes that the use of positive reinforcements is a management concept, and that it should be used in the workplace both domestic and international (Romero J., Kleiner B.H.). Research was done on people in several countries on the relation between personality and motivational traits and work related attitudes. It is found that the use of positive reinforcements greatly motivated workers and the whole economy of the country gained greater growths. In bad management styles, employees are swiftly reprimanded for failing to attain their employers’ standards and are often not complimented for completing their tasks excellently. Many are so accustomed to these practices that they begin to become complacent due to the lack of recognition and rewards. The failure to positively reinforce an employees’ good performance which is a form of extinction may discourage them from giving more than they should since no recognition or rewards will be given for it. Much research has been done on operant conditioners. More people are aware of the existence of positive and negative reinforcements. More are championing the use of positive reinforcements to increase productivity, attendances, safety awareness, job satisfaction and to reduce absenteeism and accidents. Depending on the situations, positive and negative reinforcements when applied strategically can be effective in strengthening a desired behaviour. Strategic application of reinforcements would mean the use of reinforcements at intermittent schedules such as at fixed ratios or variable ratios combined with the understanding of what motivates their subjects of interest. Doing away with punishments may be the ideal case for Skinner, I believe that it is not possible to do away. However we can reduce the use of punishments when positive reinforcements are adequately and effectively employed. The advantages of the use of positive reinforcements are highly explanatory of itself. References: mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/proj/nru/opcond.html, Operant Conditioning Basics, Accessed 28/08/05 Maag J.W., 01-01-2001, Rewarded by punishment: Reflections on the disuse of positive reinforcements in schools [elibrary], http://elibrary.bigchalk.com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/ libweb/australia/do/document?set=searchgroupid=1requestid= lib_australiaresultid=1edition= ts=B4E4C92E89D05327EF55EBECBC8E285F_1128427488378urn=urn%3 Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B40887961, 2001 The Council for Exceptional Children, Accessed 28/08/05 Maag J.W., 05-01-2001, Management of surface behavior: A new look at an old approach[elibrary], Counseling and Human Development, http://elibrary.bigchalk.com. proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/libweb/australia/do/document ?set=searchgroupid=1requestid=lib_australiaresultid=107 edition=ts=36D65314D08785A2310AB40D5723A400_112843611954 5urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B45689102, Accessd 04/09/2005 Mazur J.E.,1986, Learning and Behavior (Third Edition), Prentice Hall Romero J., Kleiner B.H., Global Trends in Motivating Employees [Emerald FullText], Management Research News, emeraldinsight.com.proxy.library.adelaide. edu.au/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType= ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=866695, Accessed 28/08/05 Skinner B.F., 1953, Science and Human Behaviour, New York: Macmillan Skinner B.F., 1969, Contingencies of Reinforcement: A Theoretical Analysis, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts Strain P.S., Joseph G.E., 01-01-2004, A Not So Good Job with Good Job: A Response to Kohn 2001 [elibrary], Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, http://elibrary.bigchalk.com.proxy.library.adelaide. edu.au/libweb/australia/do/document?set=searchgroupid= 1requestid=lib_australiaresultid= 19edition=ts=B4E4C92E89D05327EF55EBECBC8E285F_1128 427488378urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument% 3B89268459, Accessed 02/09/2005 Walker S., 1975, Learning and Reinforcement, Mathuen Co Ltd Zielinski D., 05-01-2001, Motivating the masses [elibrary], Presentations, http://elibrary.bigchalk. com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/libweb/australia/do/ document?set=searchgroupid=1requestid=lib_australiaresultid= 198edition=ts=36D65314D08785A2310AB40D5723A400_11284 37775279urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument% 3B78062471, Accessed 10/09/2005 Research Papers on Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Positive and Negative Reinforcement - Management EssayThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneCapital Punishment

Chinese Legal System essays

Chinese Legal System essays One of the most interesting forces in modern world trade and globalization is China. Indeed, while its presence in the world market is not a recent phenomenon, the globalization effect has necessitated recent changes in Chinas trade system, specifically in the private enterprise sector. In this, the greatest challenge China faces is realizing its goal of encouraging enterprise and trade while at the same time retaining the centuries-old traditions on which the country has historically thrived. China appears to be thriving on several arenas of the global trade paradigm. In terms of imports, the countrys membership in the World Trade Organization since 2003. In the same year, it was listed as the third largest commodities importer. This, along with the countrys willingness to open its policies to create a more friendly environment for foreign traders, has rapidly expanded the countrys total foreign trade volume. However, the country also faces several challenges in terms of its WTO membership commitments. One of these is its non-market economy status. This means that within the first 15 years of its membership, China is obliged to calculate its product prices in reference to other countries, rather than on the basis of its own production costs. This could mean significant losses in the countrys exports. Another challenge is the safeguard mechanism for specific products. This means that any member country could request a consultation with China if one of its export product prices increased dramatically. In terms of its domestic products, China also appears to experience a period of great prosperity. Several factors are responsible for this. These include political, cultural and economic factors that affect domestic product manufacture. A political and cultural factor relates to the improvement of private enterprise climate via offering membership in the Communist Party of China to ...

DEsigning a Psychology experiment , 1000 word maximum report Essay

DEsigning a Psychology experiment , 1000 word maximum report consisting of an hypothesis and a method section - Essay Example 3. METHODOLOGY This project requires cause and effect hypothesis testing and therefore the design chosen is an experimental design (Srinagesh, 2006), with a quantitative research methodology. 3.1 Participants (Sample) The sample for this research will consist of two groups of college students. The sample will be drawn from among college students. The sample will consist of 40 college students in all. Twenty of these will be those whose parents have been divorced while twenty will be those whose parents are both alive and living together. In order to control the variable of gender, each group of participants will be composed of ten males and ten females. The students will be approached along with a briefing letter about the experiment and they will be asked to sign an informed consent form if they are willing to participate in the research. 3.2 Variables The independent variable in this study will be the divorced or not divorced status of the participants’ parents while the dep endent variable will be the scores obtained on the questionnaire titled: ‘Student readiness Inventory’ (ACT, 2011). 3.3 Research Design and Method This experiment involves hypothesis testing and is based on quantitative methods. ... oups, one will consist of children whose parents have been divorced and the other will consist of children whose parents are living together, therefore, an independent groups design fits the aim of the study. This design will also remove the threats to validity due to order effects (Brian, 2002). This methodology was chosen because the nature of the study is experimental rather than exploratory. Hypothesis was devised after some quick review of literature and theory. It is expected that the null hypothesis will be rejected. 3.4 Research tool/ Instrument After reviewing a considerable number of studies that attempted to focus the effects of divorce on academic achievement, it was decided that questionnaire be used as research tool (Anderson & Taylor, 2008). The ‘Student readiness Inventory’ was selected to be used as a research tool. Student Readiness Inventory is a questionnaire that was developed by a non-profit organization called ‘ACT’, in order to identi fy the at-risk students in the field of academics. The rationale for selecting this inventory is twofold: first, if Grade Point Average would have been used to gauge academic success, it would not have taken into account the psychosocial factors that affect academic performance in children of divorced couples. Secondly, the Student readiness inventory was preferred over Grade point average because different individuals’ parents got divorced in different years. Tracking down the Grade Point Average of the students in the year following the divorce would have been a challenging task. Therefore, it was decided to run the Student readiness inventory, which is a short inventory and is very easy to score. 3.5 Data Analysis Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the data. According to Kazmier (2004),

Performance Management in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Performance Management in Organisations - Essay Example The paper offers a thorough analysis of the performance management system (PMS). It provides the information about vital components of the PMS, namely, its objectives, stages of development, setting of company goals and standards, working on performance appraisal, communication, and training. The author proves that an effective performance management system enables an organisation to set targets, monitor implementation, and evaluate the performance of its employees. It provides a platform to the management for communicating with employees in order to evolve ways and means to increase productivity and efficiency of the organization as a whole. The research shows that a successful PMS facilitates an effective dialogue between employee and supervisor to enhance individual performance. In particular, it gives managers and supervisors opportunities for giving positive reinforcement to employees. In order to be effective and acceptable, performance appraisals should be fair, open, and posi tive with developmental objectives. The unique part of the work is that the notion of the PMS is studied not only theoretically, but also through the comparison of the PMSs of two institutions,a state secondary school and a haulage firm. The author creates performance appraisal sheets for measuring teachers' and managerial work. Appraisal parameters of teachers' performance are academic knowledge and communication skills, ability to prepare lesson plans and to deliver them. Appraisal parameters of managerial work are managerial, operational, administrative, and decision-making skills.