Sickle Cell Anaemia :: Free Essays

Sickle Cell Anaemia The disorder affects the red blood cells, which contain a special protein called haemoglobin . The function of haemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. People with Sickle Cell Anaemia have Sickle haemoglobin which is different from the normal haemoglobin. When sickle haemoglobin gives up its oxygen to the tissues, it sticks together to form long rods inside the red blood cells making these cells rigid and sickle-shaped. Normal red blood cells can bend and flex easily.Blocked blood vessels Because of their shape, sickled red blood cells can't squeeze through small blood vessels as easily as the almost donut-shaped normal cells. This can lead to these small blood vessels getting blocked that then stops the oxygen from getting through to where it is needed. This in turn can lead to severe pain and damage to organs. Everyone has two copies of the gene for haemoglobin; one from their mother and one from their father. If one of these genes carries the instructions to make sickle haemoglobin (HbS) and the other carries the instructions to make normal haemoglobin (HbA) then the person has Sickle Cell Trait and is a carrier of the sickle haemoglobin gene. This means that this person has enough normal haemoglobin in their red blood cells to keep the cells flexible and they don't have the symptoms of the sickle cell disorders. They do however have to be careful when doing things where there is less oxygen than normal such as scuba diving, activities at high altitude and under general anaesthetics. If both copies of the haemoglobin gene carry instructions to make sickle haemoglobin then this will be the only type of haemoglobin they can make and sickled cells can occur. These people have Sickle Cell Anaemia and can suffer from anaemia and severe pain. These severe attacks are known as Crises. Over time Sickle Cell sufferers can experience damage to organs such as liver, kidney, lungs, heart and spleen. Death can be a result.

Is there a pattern to commercial land use in Ormskirk town Centre?

After completing my Landuse survey map, I have found there is a pattern, albeit sometimes random, in Ormskirk Town Centre. Ormskirk Town Centres core area is situated near the clock tower or ‘market cross'. The market cross is at a junction between Church Street, Burscough Street and Aughton Street. In Ormskirk Town Centre there is a clustering of convenience goods or frequent goods outlets situated in the core. Convenience goods, are those goods we buy most often, on a day-to-day basis e.g.) newspaper, milk. Sayers (the bakers) in Burscough Street is an example of one of these convenience/frequent goods stores. It is a chain store and can therefore afford to pay the high rent rates for buildings in the core. Although expensive, being located in the core has many advantages e.g.) being located here means that it is very accessible and it therefore benefits from a high pedestrian density and a large passing trade. These type of frequent goods stores rely heavily on passing trade for a good part of their income which is why they are located here. There are lots of examples of complimentary landuse in the core area e.g.) the location of cafes and pubs near to shops – using the idea shopping and then resting/eating e.g.) Java Juice Bar and Subway on Burscough Street. These eateries also cater for the towns' workforce when on lunch breaks. Another example of complimentary landuse in the core is the location of banks – there is one situated on each of the 4 main streets e.g.) Halifax on the corner of Aughton Street and Church Street. This enables shoppers to draw money out and then spend it later on in the shops (the shops then deposit their takings in the bank). Often in the core, there are many shops selling similar goods and here you find examples of comparative shopping e.g.) there are 2 card shops in the core (Clinton Cards on Church Street and Hallmark on Moor Street) Shoppers will compare prices between these 2 shops, so they will be in competition with each other. Another example of comparative shopping includes the market stalls (which all sell similar goods, like food and clothes). Another pattern I found was not 1 that links with frequent goods, but rather infrequent services e.g.) solicitors and accountants. These professional services are infrequently used and are found in the periphery e.g.) The Solicitors on Derby Street. They are situated here because they don't rely on passing trade, people seek them out specially – this is on advantage, because they don't have to pay the high prices (rents/rates) for buildings in the core. As I found in the core there are lots of examples of complimentary landuse in the periphery too e.g.) along Derby Street the police station, the solicitors and the magistrates' court are all located – each providing a service for one another. Also located in the periphery are the large supermarkets – these need large areas of cheap land (not available in the core) they need this space for large single storey buildings and usually car parks as well (which is an example of complimentary landuse). Another reason for being located here, is the fact that like the professional services e.g.) accountants they don't rely on passing trade – people make special trips to the supermarket, therefore they need to be accessible by car not necessarily by foot and so can afford not to be in a pedestrianised area and even though supermarkets are chain stores they are not found in the core with the others for this reason. Although most of the goods and services conform to this pattern in commercial landuse i.e.) very frequently used goods and services situated in the core and professional/infrequently used goods and services situated in the periphery, there are some anomalies; e.g.) Iceland supermarket on Moorgate doesn't quite fit the pattern – it is almost within the core. It was probably built there to take advantage of the already established car park (complimentary landuse). Another anomaly I found is not one specific to Ormskirk Town Centre but to most town centre core areas. Both Estate Agents and Travel Agents are examples of infrequent/professional services (that are normally situated in the periphery) yet are found in the core. This is because unlike the other infrequent services Estate Agents and Travel Agents rely on passing trade and the need to be seen and they can achieve this by setting up in the core where there is a high pedestrian density (often they are chain stores and can afford the high prices and small office spaces in the core). An example of complimentary landuse can include the duo of Estate Agents and solicitors being found together e.g.) Collertons Estate Agents and J.K.P Solicitors on Church Street.

The Impact Of Technology On Ancient Egypt - 1177 Words

Technology in Ancient Egypt When one thinks of Egypt, the first thing that comes to mind are the pyramids. The pyramids are the most recognized art form in history because of its uniqueness and aesthetics. This may be because for an ancient civilization, Egypt was astounding in regards of technology. They did not just build one model of their ideal pyramid, instead they created many over and over again, to establish a perfect resting place for their ruler and the ruler’s family. This verifies that the formation of the pyramids was a thought out process that deserves the cultural distinction that we acknowledge in modern times. The complexity and precision of the pyramids confirms that Egypt was like no other, which further proves that the technology of Egypt was superb compared to other ancient civilizations. As in many cultures, death in Ancient Egypt was significant. It was seen as a continuation of life, and Ancient Egyptians heavily emphasized that the survival of the spirit in the afterlife depended upon the survival of the body of the deceased. Meaning, they were no longer just thrown into the ground with they clothes they died in. In fact, the death process became so serious that â€Å"mummification was evolved to ensure that the body would remain intact in its tomb, surrounded by its possessions, for all of eternity.1. In the late Predynastic times, there was a shift from simple graves, were the deceased were laid in a fetal position on their left side in the sandShow MoreRelatedUsing A Tool Of Stem Innovation1613 Words   |  7 Pagesramp. So it got me thinking how was the innovation of the lever and ramp during the period BC in Ancient Egypt. If it made our life easier with constructing a tuff shed, imagine building the giant pyramids and other great monuments using the lev er and ramp. 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